Ø Chitwan
National Park (CNP) is situated in South-central Nepal, covering an area of
952.63 km2, in the subtropical lowlands of inner Terai
Ø In
1957, the area between Tikauli and the Mahabharat range was declared a “rhino
sanctuary”, which was the first step towards formal wildlife management in the
country
Ø In
1963, the area to the south of Rapti was declared a rhino sanctuary and by
April 1971, borders of the National Park was fixed by a survey team. In 1973,
the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act was enacted, and Chitwan
National Park was declared as the first National Park of Nepal. In 1977, the
promulgated boundaries were increased from 540 km2 to 932sq.km. Recognizing its
outstanding universal value of unique ecosystems of international significance,
UNESCO declared the park a World Heritage Site in 1984.
Ø In
1996, an area of 750 km2 surrounding the park was declared as a buffer zone,
consisting of forests and private lands
Ø According
to 17 October 2016 Gazette of Nepal, the area of Chitwan National Park and its
Buffer zone has became 952.63 km2 and 729.37 km2 respectively
Ø National
Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973 has made a provision of ploughing
back 30-50 % of the park’s revenue into community development and conservation
of the buffer zone
Ø Bishajari
and associated lakes in the buffer zone of the CNP were declared as a wetlands
of international importance under the Ramsar Convention in 2003.
Major Flora and Fauna
Ø The
Chitwan Valley consists of tropical and subtropical forests with mostly Sal
(Shorea robusta) forests covering about 80% of the area while grasslands cover
about 12%.
Ø There
are more than 68 different types of grasses, including the Elephant grass
(Saccharum spp.), which grows up to a height of 8m.
Ø The
park is home to more than 68 species of mammals, 55 species of amphibians and
reptiles, 546 species of birds, and 120 species of fish
Major Attractions
Ø Second the largest population of Greater One-horned Rhinoceros in the world
Ø One
of the National Parks in the world which has more than 93 tigers in the same
habitat
Ø Home
to Gaur Bison, Gharial Crocodile, more than 6% of the world’s bird species
Ø World
Heritage site (Natural site), Ramsar site (Bishazari tal)
Ø Elephant,
Gharial Crocodile and Vulture Breeding Center
Facts
sheets
Ø National
park declared year 1973 A D
Ø National
park area 952.63 km2
Ø World
Heritage Site listed 1984 (Natural Site)
Ø Ramsar
site declaration 2003 (Bishajari and associated lakes)
Ø Bioclimatic
zone Sub-tropical
Ø Elevation
140-800m from msl
Ø Buffer
zone declared 1996 A D Buffer zone area 729.37 km2
Species Record (DNPWC, 2020)
Nepal vs CNP
Ø Fishes: Nepal 232 CNP 120
Ø Amphibians: Nepal 117 CNP 55
Ø Birds: Nepal 886 CNP 546
Ø Mammals: Nepal 212 CNP 68
Ø Greater
One-horned Rhinoceros: Nepal 645 CNP 605
Ø Royal
Bengal Tiger: Nepal 235 CNP 93
Ø Gaur
Bison: Nepal 349 CNP 321
Ø Gharial
Crocodile: Nepal 198 CNP 166
Intoduction:Royal Chitwan National Park stands today as a successful testimony of nature conservation in South Asia. This is the first national park of Nepal established in 1973 to preserve a unique ecosystem significantly valuable to the whole world. The park covering a pristine area of 932 sq. km is situated in the subtropical inner Terai lowlands of the southern central part of Nepal. The park has gained much wider recognition in the world when UNESCO included this area on the list of World Heritage Site in 1984.
Formerly, the Chitwan valley was well known for big game and was exclusively managed as a hunting reserve for the Rana Prime Ministers and their guests until 1950. In 1963, the area south of Rapti was demarcated as a rhinoceros sanctuary. In 1970, His late Majesty King Mahendra had approved in principle the creation of Royal Chitwan National Park.
The park consists of church hills, ox-bow lakes, flood plains of Rapti, Reu, and Narayani rivers. The Churia hill rises gradually towards the east from 150 m to over 800 m. The lower but most rugged Someshwor hills occupy most of the western portion of the park. The flood plains of Chitwan are rich alluvial. The park boundaries have been delineated by the Narayani and Rapti rivers in the north and west, and the Reu river and Someshwor hills in the south and south-west. It shares its eastern border with Parsa Wildlife Reserve.
Vegetation and Animals:
- The Chitwan valley is characterized by tropical to subtropical forests. 70% of park vegetation is predominantly Sal ( Shorea robusta ) forest, a moist deciduous climax vegetation type of the Terai region. The remaining vegetation types include grassland (20%), riverine forest (7%), and Sal with Chir pine ( Pinus roxburghii ) (3%), the latter occurring at the top of the Churia range. The riverine forests mainly consist of Khair, sissoo, and simal. The simal is with spiny bark when young and develops buttress at the bottom in the older stage. The grasslands form a diverse and complex community with over 50 species. The Saccharum species, often called elephant-grass can reach 8 m in height. The shorter grasses such as Imperata is useful for thatch roofs.
- There are more than 43 species of mammals in the park. The park is especially renowned for the protection of the endangered one-horned rhinoceros, tiger, gharial crocodile along with many other common species of wild animals. The estimated population of endangered species of animals such as gaur, wild elephant, four-horned antelope, striped hyena, pangolin, Gangetic dolphin, monitor lizard, and python, etc.
- Some of the other animals found in the park are sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, sloth bear, common leopard, ratel, palm civet, wild dog, langur, rhesus monkey, etc.
- There are over 450 species of birds in the park. Among the endangered birds found in the park are Bengal florican, giant hornbill, lesser florican, black stork, and white stork, Few of the common birds seen are peafowl, red jungle fowl, and different species of egrets, herons, kingfishers, flycatchers, and woodpeckers. The best time for bird watching is March and December.
- More than 45 species of amphibians and reptiles occur in the park and some of which are marsh mugger crocodile, cobra, green pit viper, and various species of frogs and tortoises.
- The park is actively engaged in the scientific studies of several species of wild flora and fauna.
Seasons:
- The park is under the tropical monsoon climate with relatively high humidity. The winter, spring, and monsoon are the three main seasons. The cool winter season occurs from October to February. The spring begins in March and is soon followed by summer that ends in early June. The summer days are typically hot with 30 C on average daily temperature. The monsoon usually begins at the end of June and continues until September. The mean annual rainfall is about 2150 mm and during this time of the year rivers are flooded and most of the roads are virtually closed.
How to Get There:
- The park is accessible by car or bus on the Kathmandu-Mugling-Narayanghat Highway and or through Mahendra Rajmarg Highway from Hetauda. It is about 6 hour's drive from Kathmandu to Narayanghat. Local buses are available to Tadi Bazar which is about an hour's drive from Narayanghat. A 6 km walk or bullock-cart ride brings the visitors to Sauraha, the park entrance. Also air services from Kathmandu to Meghauli for US$82 each way and Bharatpur US$65 each way are available. Local buses are available from Narayanghat to Park HQ. Kasara.
Park Facilities:
- Display Center, Kasara
- Library at Kasara Sauraha
- Visitor Center, Sauraha
- Machans (View tower)
Activities:
- Elephant ride
- Canoeing
- Guided jungle walk
- Terai culture
- Wildlife breeding projects
- 4WD safaris
Entry fees into Royal Chitwan National Park:
- National Park entry fee per person per day:
- For Nepali Nationals Rs 20
- For SAARC Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign Nationals Rs 500
- Children under 10 years Free
- Elephant ride for about 2 hrs. - Rs 550 - (Nepali's Rs 100)
- Fishing permit - Rs 300 - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Camping per night per person - Rs 300 - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Guided jungle walk - Rs 250/400 for half-day/full-day - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Canoeing - Rs 230 per person
- 4WD safari - Rs 650 per person
- Gharial crocodile breeding center - included in the park entrance fee
- Elephant breeding center - included in the park entrance fee
- Lodges offer all-inclusive packages for 2 to 4 days for those who want everything pre-organised by the lodge guides.
